Corpus Analysis · Layer Three

Chengyu Frequency习近平文集 · 成语频率图谱

Which four-character idioms and Xi-era policy formulations dominate Xi Jinping's own published writings? An exact-substring frequency scan of 235 canonical chengyu (curated from HSK 5/6/7-9 + 教育部 + famous historical sets) and 38 Xi-era 话语 phrases (不忘初心, 新时代, 高质量发展 …) across 《治国理政》 v1–5, 《习近平经济文选》 v1, 《之江新语》, and 《摆脱贫困》.

819

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5,561,827

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129 / 235

Canonical chengyu ≥1 hit

2014

Total canonical hits

36 / 38

Xi-era phrases ≥1 hit

5648

Total Xi-era hits

Scope. Xi-authored sources only — matches build_phrase_index.py's IN_SCOPE_DIRS. YAML frontmatter tags are excluded (they inflated prior counts by ~8%). Editorial compilations (《习近平用典》 v1+2, CCDI 典亮学习路, 平语近人, 求是 columns, Politburo readouts, 人民网用典 column) are excluded — their classical-source commentary would contaminate 'Xi used X' with 'an editor says Xi used X.' See METHODOLOGY.md.

Substring caveat. Counts are exact-substring matches. Several canonical phrases are sub-strings of longer compounds with independent policy lineage. The ⚠ badge next to a phrase flags cases where ≥35% of hits share one preceding bigram — e.g. 协调发展 (160 hits) is preceded by 区域 in 78 of 160 (49%), meaning most matches are the Hu-era 区域协调发展. Click any phrase for its left-bigram audit and per-article trace.

Canonical chengyu — category totals成语类别分布

Aggregate hits by the thematic category used in the study-app curation. 政策 and 品格 dominate — consistent with Xi's core register.

policy

914

character

557

action

221

people

120

learning

praise

outcome

speech

parable

time

history

Canonical chengyu — ranked成语频率排名

All 235 canonical chengyu, ranked by total occurrences. Columns are counts per volume (· = zero). 106 chengyu have zero hits (listed below the table) — mostly parables and pre-Qin fables outside Xi's policy register.

#	成语	pinyin	hits	baituo_pinkun	GoC v1	GoC v2	GoC v3	GoC v4	GoC v5	经济文选	之江新语	meta	source	meaning
1	坚定不移	jiān dìng bù yí	409	·	52	49	90	57	113	44	4	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · character	现代政治词汇，常见于党政文件	Steadfast and unwavering.
2	协调发展⚠ 48%	xié tiáo fā zhǎn	161	1	2	28	22	10	17	67	14	正式书面 · policy	现代政治话语 (Xi 五大发展理念 2015)	Coordinated, balanced development — one of Xi's Five Development Concepts.
3	实事求是	shí shì qiú shì	91	4	19	18	8	19	7	14	2	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · policy	《汉书·河间献王传》	Seek truth from facts — proceed from empirical reality.
4	与时俱进	yǔ shí jù jìn	89	·	11	18	17	13	14	6	10	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · policy	现代常用语（江泽民2001年党建讲话广泛使用）	Advance with the times; keep pace with change.
5	统筹推进	tǒng chóu tuī jìn	87	·	3	4	15	23	25	17	·	正式书面 · policy	现代政治话语	Coordinate and advance as one — the standard 'integrated rollout' verb.
6	全心全意	quán xīn quán yì	66	7	13	13	11	7	5	6	4	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · policy	核心出自毛泽东《为人民服务》(1944)	Whole-heartedly; unreservedly.
7	求真务实	qiú zhēn wù shí	65	·	5	7	2	5	2	2	42	正式书面 · policy	现代政治话语；与'实事求是'同系	Seek truth and be pragmatic; substance over form.
8	因地制宜	yīn dì zhì yí	58	8	2	2	6	2	19	13	6	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · policy	《吴越春秋·阖闾内传》	Adapt measures to local conditions.
9	稳中求进⚠ 59%	wěn zhōng qiú jìn	52	·	2	4	5	7	9	25	·	正式书面 · policy	现代政治话语 (Xi 2012-起)	Seek progress while maintaining stability — Xi-era economic governance motto.
10	攻坚克难	gōng jiān kè nán	45	·	6	4	12	6	9	8	·	正式书面 · action	现代政治话语	Tackle the toughest problems head-on.
11	行稳致远	xíng wěn zhì yuǎn	40	·	·	2	7	9	12	10	·	正式书面 · action	现代政治话语；echoes 《周易》『履道坦坦』	Move steadily and you'll go far.
12	以人为本⚠ 43%	yǐ rén wéi běn	39	·	8	1	1	1	5	2	21	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · policy	《管子·霸言》	Put people first; people-centered.
13	相辅相成	xiāng fǔ xiāng chéng	37	3	3	10	4	4	3	7	3	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · people	明清常用语	Complement each other and work together.
14	脚踏实地	jiǎo tà shí dì	33	4	8	3	2	5	2	4	5	HSK 6 · 通用 · policy	宋·邵伯温《邵氏闻见录》	Down-to-earth; pragmatic and grounded.
15	同舟共济	tóng zhōu gòng jì	33	·	7	6	6	6	2	4	2	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · people	《孙子·九地》『吴人与越人相恶也，当其同舟而济』	In the same boat — share hardships and help each other through.
16	标本兼治	biāo běn jiān zhì	31	·	1	8	8	1	7	5	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · policy	传统中医术语；现代用于政策	Address both symptoms and root causes.
17	一以贯之	yì yǐ guàn zhī	30	·	1	3	6	6	2	6	6	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · character	《论语·里仁》	Hold a single consistent principle throughout.
18	总揽全局	zǒng lǎn quán jú	28	1	4	2	8	3	4	4	2	正式书面 · policy	现代政治话语	Grasp the overall situation — the view of a top decisionmaker.
19	开拓进取	kāi tuò jìn qǔ	27	·	5	2	4	3	6	4	3	正式书面 · action	现代政治话语	Pioneering and enterprising.
20	任重道远	rèn zhòng dào yuǎn	26	1	2	2	4	7	4	6	·	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · policy	《论语·泰伯》	Heavy responsibility, long road — a weighty mission ahead.
21	统筹兼顾	tǒng chóu jiān gù	26	·	3	2	3	·	4	6	8	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · policy	现代政治话语 (Mao 1957起)	Plan overall while balancing all concerns.
22	奋发有为	fèn fā yǒu wéi	25	1	3	5	5	2	4	·	5	正式书面 · action	现代政治话语	Strive vigorously; be dynamic and accomplish much.
23	循序渐进	xún xù jiàn jìn	23	2	2	1	2	3	7	6	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · learning	朱熹《论语集注》	Proceed step by step in the proper sequence.
24	锲而不舍	qiè ér bù shě	21	3	5	2	4	3	·	3	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · learning	《荀子·劝学》	Keep engraving and never give up — persevere through effort.
25	齐心协力	qí xīn xié lì	19	·	2	4	3	2	·	4	4	HSK 6 · 通用 · character	近代熟语	Work together with one heart.
26	德才兼备	dé cái jiān bèi	18	2	3	3	4	3	2	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · praise	元·许衡《许文正公遗书》	Having both virtue and talent.
27	千方百计	qiān fāng bǎi jì	18	2	2	·	2	2	·	·	10	HSK 6 · 通用 · action	宋·朱熹《朱子语类》	By every possible means.
28	审时度势	shěn shí duó shì	17	3	2	3	2	1	1	4	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · action	明·张居正	Size up the times and circumstances.
29	同心同德	tóng xīn tóng dé	17	4	3	1	5	1	3	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · character	《尚书·泰誓》	One in heart and purpose.
30	再接再厉	zài jiē zài lì	16	1	4	4	·	4	·	1	2	HSK 6 · 书面 · action	唐·韩愈《斗鸡联句》	Redouble efforts; keep pushing after success.
31	休戚与共	xiū qī yǔ gòng	15	1	1	2	2	6	2	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · people	《国语·周语下》	Share weal and woe.
32	集思广益⚠ 35%	jí sī guǎng yì	14	·	·	1	5	1	1	5	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · policy	诸葛亮《教与军师长史参军掾属》	Pool ideas to maximize benefit; crowdsource wisdom.
33	未雨绸缪⚠ 38%	wèi yǔ chóu móu	13	·	·	1	3	1	3	3	2	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · action	《诗经·豳风·鸱鸮》	Prepare before the crisis; rainy-day thinking.
34	万众一心	wàn zhòng yì xīn	13	·	3	3	·	3	1	2	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · character	《后汉书·朱儁传》	Millions united as one.
35	众志成城⚠ 50%	zhòng zhì chéng chéng	12	·	2	2	·	4	2	1	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · policy	《国语·周语下》	United wills are as strong as a city wall.
36	对症下药	duì zhèng xià yào	11	·	2	1	1	2	1	3	1	HSK 6 · 通用 · policy	《三国志·华佗传》注引	Prescribe to the symptoms — address the actual problem.
37	以身作则	yǐ shēn zuò zé	10	·	2	2	·	1	1	·	4	HSK 6 · 书面 · policy	精神源《论语·子路》『其身正，不令而行』	Lead by example; set a standard through one's own conduct.
38	层出不穷	céng chū bù qióng	10	·	2	4	·	1	1	1	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · outcome	清·梁启超《论中国学术思想变迁之大势》	Appearing one after another, endlessly.
39	兼收并蓄	jiān shōu bìng xù	10	·	·	2	3	·	5	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · character	唐·韩愈《进学解》	Absorb from multiple sources without prejudice.
40	当务之急	dāng wù zhī jí	9	2	1	·	·	3	1	2	·	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · policy	《孟子·尽心上》	The most pressing matter at hand.
41	日新月异	rì xīn yuè yì	9	·	2	3	1	2	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · time	《礼记·大学》『苟日新，日日新，又日新』语意	Changing rapidly; renewed every day.
42	和睦相处	hé mù xiāng chǔ	9	·	3	3	2	·	1	·	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · people	现代常用	Live together in harmony.
43	举一反三	jǔ yī fǎn sān	8	·	1	2	1	3	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 通用 · learning	《论语·述而》	From one example, infer many — the ability to generalize.
44	脱颖而出⚠ 75%	tuō yǐng ér chū	8	·	2	·	1	1	2	1	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · outcome	《史记·平原君虞卿列传》	Stand out from the crowd; break through.
45	兢兢业业	jīng jīng yè yè	8	1	2	2	·	·	·	·	3	HSK 6 · 书面 · character	《诗经·大雅·云汉》『兢兢业业，如霆如雷』	Careful and diligent in one's duties.
46	谦虚谨慎	qiān xū jǐn shèn	8	·	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · character	现代常用；精神源《易经·谦卦》	Modest and prudent.
47	雪中送炭	xuě zhōng sòng tàn	7	·	1	1	2	·	1	1	1	HSK 6 · 通用 · people	宋·范成大《大雪送炭与芥隐》	Provide help just when it's needed most.
48	见贤思齐	jiàn xián sī qí	7	·	3	·	1	·	2	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · character	《论语·里仁》	When you see a worthy person, aspire to be like them.
49	学以致用	xué yǐ zhì yòng	6	·	3	1	1	·	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · learning	近代熟语；精神近《论语·子路》	Study in order to apply — learning should serve practical use.
50	深思熟虑	shēn sī shú lǜ	6	·	1	·	·	1	1	2	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · action	《楚辞·渔父》『夫圣人者，不凝滞于物，而能与世推移』语意	Deep and careful deliberation.
51	廉洁奉公	lián jié fèng gōng	6	3	1	·	·	·	1	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · character	现代政治词汇	Incorruptible; devoted to public service.
52	融会贯通	róng huì guàn tōng	5	·	·	·	3	1	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · learning	朱熹《朱子全书》	Merge various strands of knowledge into a coherent whole.
53	举足轻重	jǔ zú qīng zhòng	5	·	1	1	1	·	1	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · people	《后汉书·窦融传》	Of decisive weight; pivotal.
54	刻舟求剑	kè zhōu qiú jiàn	5	·	·	1	·	·	2	2	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · parable	《吕氏春秋·察今》	Carve a notch on a moving boat to mark where a sword fell in — act rigidly, ignoring change.
55	一心一意	yì xīn yí yì	5	·	·	3	·	1	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 通用 · character	元代戏曲熟语	Wholeheartedly; single-minded.
56	自然而然	zì rán ér rán	5	2	1	·	·	1	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · speech	通用熟语	Naturally; of its own accord.
57	孜孜不倦	zī zī bù juàn	4	1	2	·	1	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · learning	《尚书·君陈》	Tirelessly diligent.
58	一鼓作气	yī gǔ zuò qì	4	·	1	1	·	1	·	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · action	《左传·庄公十年》(曹刿论战)	Seize the momentum — do it in one push.
59	患难与共	huàn nàn yǔ gòng	4	·	1	1	1	·	1	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · people	《礼记·儒行》『儒有苟利国家，不求富贵』语意	Share adversity as well as fortune.
60	将心比心	jiāng xīn bǐ xīn	4	·	2	·	1	·	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 通用 · people	宋·朱熹《朱子语类》	Put yourself in another's place.
61	任劳任怨	rèn láo rèn yuàn	4	1	1	·	·	1	·	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · character	清·黄宗羲《明儒学案》	Bear hard work and criticism without complaint.
62	精益求精	jīng yì qiú jīng	4	·	1	·	1	1	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · character	《论语·学而》朱熹注『精益求精』	Refine the refined — always strive for better.
63	高瞻远瞩	gāo zhān yuǎn zhǔ	4	·	·	2	1	1	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · speech	汉·王充《论衡·别通》	Farsighted; with strategic vision.
64	鞠躬尽瘁	jū gōng jìn cuì	4	1	1	·	·	1	·	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · history	诸葛亮《后出师表》	Give one's all, to the last breath.
65	见义勇为	jiàn yì yǒng wéi	4	·	2	·	1	·	1	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · character	《论语·为政》	See what is right and act bravely on it.
66	不知不觉	bù zhī bù jué	4	·	·	1	·	·	1	1	1	HSK 6 · 通用 · speech	宋代熟语	Unconsciously; without realizing.
67	水到渠成	shuǐ dào qú chéng	3	·	·	·	1	·	·	1	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · action	苏轼《答秦太虚书》	When conditions are ripe, success comes naturally.
68	肝胆相照	gān dǎn xiāng zhào	3	·	·	1	1	·	1	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · people	宋·文天祥《下元宫祠》语意	Open-hearted loyalty — showing each other one's innermost self.
69	光明磊落	guāng míng lěi luò	3	·	1	·	1	·	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · character	宋·朱熹《朱子语类》	Aboveboard and honest; nothing to hide.
70	一丝不苟	yī sī bù gǒu	3	2	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · character	清·吴敬梓《儒林外史》	Not the slightest bit sloppy; meticulous.
71	众所周知	zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī	3	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	2	HSK 6 · 书面 · praise	宋·朱熹《朱子语类》	As everyone knows — widely known fact.
72	纸上谈兵	zhǐ shàng tán bīng	3	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	2	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · history	《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》	Armchair strategy — theory with no practical experience.
73	饮水思源	yǐn shuǐ sī yuán	3	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	2	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · speech	南北朝·庾信《徵调曲》	When drinking water, remember the source — be grateful for origins.
74	理所当然	lǐ suǒ dāng rán	3	1	1	·	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · speech	近代熟语	As it should be; a matter of course.
75	愚公移山	yú gōng yí shān	3	1	·	·	1	·	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · parable	《列子·汤问》	The Foolish Old Man who moved the mountain — persistence overcomes.
76	日积月累	rì jī yuè lěi	2	1	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · learning	宋·朱熹《答周南仲书》	Accumulated day by day, month by month.
77	因材施教	yīn cái shī jiào	2	·	·	·	1	·	1	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · policy	朱熹注《论语·先进》	Teach according to each student's aptitude.
78	群策群力	qún cè qún lì	2	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · policy	汉·扬雄《法言·重黎》	Pool strategies and strength; work together.
79	运筹帷幄	yùn chóu wéi wò	2	·	·	·	·	1	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 正式书面 · action	《史记·高祖本纪》	Strategize from headquarters — plan the big picture.
80	先发制人	xiān fā zhì rén	2	·	·	·	·	·	1	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · action	《史记·项羽本纪》	Strike first to gain control; preempt.
81	有条不紊	yǒu tiáo bù wěn	2	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · action	《尚书·盘庚上》	Orderly and systematic.
82	半途而废	bàn tú ér fèi	2	·	·	1	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · outcome	《礼记·中庸》	Give up halfway.
83	适得其反	shì dé qí fǎn	2	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	2	HSK 6 · 书面 · outcome	清·魏源《默觚下·治篇》	Achieve exactly the opposite of what was intended.
84	得不偿失	dé bù cháng shī	2	·	1	·	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · outcome	宋·苏轼《和子由除日见寄》语意	The gain doesn't make up for the loss.
85	水落石出	shuǐ luò shí chū	2	1	·	·	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · outcome	苏轼《后赤壁赋》	When the water falls, the stones come out — the truth comes to light.
86	稍纵即逝	shāo zòng jí shì	2	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · time	宋·苏轼《文与可画筼筜谷偃竹记》	Gone the moment you let it slip — fleeting.
87	两袖清风	liǎng xiù qīng fēng	2	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · character	明·于谦《入京》	Nothing in one's sleeves but a clear breeze — incorruptible (and poor).
88	大公无私	dà gōng wú sī	2	1	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 正式书面 · character	汉·贾谊《新书·道术》	Selfless; putting public good above personal interest.
89	顾名思义	gù míng sī yì	2	1	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · speech	《三国志·魏书·王昶传》	As the name suggests.
90	家喻户晓	jiā yù hù xiǎo	2	·	2	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · praise	宋·楼钥《攻媿集》	A household name.
91	独树一帜	dú shù yī zhì	2	·	·	1	·	1	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · praise	清·袁枚《随园诗话》	Raise one's own banner — establish a distinctive school or style.
92	守株待兔	shǒu zhū dài tù	2	·	·	·	·	·	1	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 通用 · parable	《韩非子·五蠹》	Wait for a windfall; trust to luck instead of effort.
93	亡羊补牢	wáng yáng bǔ láo	2	·	·	·	·	·	·	2	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · parable	《战国策·楚策四》	Mend the pen after losing a sheep — better late than never.
94	悬梁刺股	xuán liáng cì gǔ	2	·	2	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · history	《战国策·秦策一》(苏秦) + 《汉书·孙敬传》	Study with extreme self-discipline — two ancient scholars' tricks to stay awake.
95	精忠报国	jīng zhōng bào guó	2	·	·	2	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · character	《宋史·岳飞传》	Utmost loyalty in service of the country — the Yue Fei ideal.
96	栩栩如生	xǔ xǔ rú shēng	2	·	·	2	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · praise	《庄子·齐物论》『栩栩然蝴蝶也』	Vividly lifelike (of art, sculpture, description).
97	朝三暮四	zhāo sān mù sì	2	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · parable	《庄子·齐物论》	Same total, different framing — monkeys deceived by sequencing.
98	温故知新	wēn gù zhī xīn	1	·	·	·	·	·	1	·	·	HSK 5 · 通用 · learning	《论语·为政》	Review what you've learned to gain fresh understanding.
99	循循善诱	xún xún shàn yòu	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · policy	《论语·子罕》	Lead students methodically and patiently.
100	名副其实	míng fù qí shí	1	·	·	·	·	·	1	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · policy	汉·曹操《与王修书》（『名实相副』）	Living up to the name; name and reality correspond.
101	一举两得	yī jǔ liǎng dé	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · action	《晋书·束皙传》	One action, two benefits.
102	事半功倍	shì bàn gōng bèi	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · outcome	《孟子·公孙丑上》	Half the effort, double the result.
103	事倍功半	shì bèi gōng bàn	1	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · outcome	《孟子·公孙丑上》	Twice the effort, half the result — wasted labor.
104	功亏一篑	gōng kuī yī kuì	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · outcome	《尚书·旅獒》	Fall one basket short of completing a mountain — fail at the last step.
105	大功告成	dà gōng gào chéng	1	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · outcome	《汉书·王莽传》	The great work is done.
106	一日千里	yī rì qiān lǐ	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · time	《庄子·秋水》	A thousand li in a day — rapid progress.
107	岁月如梭	suì yuè rú suō	1	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · time	宋·高斯得《耻堂存稿》语意	The years pass like a shuttle — time flies.
108	斗转星移	dǒu zhuǎn xīng yí	1	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · time	唐·王勃《滕王阁序》『物换星移几度秋』语意	The Big Dipper turns and stars shift — long time passes.
109	沧海桑田	cāng hǎi sāng tián	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · time	晋·葛洪《神仙传·麻姑》	The sea becomes mulberry fields — vast, profound change.
110	时过境迁	shí guò jìng qiān	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 6 · 书面 · time	清·颐琐《黄绣球》语意	Time moves on and circumstances change.
111	一见如故	yī jiàn rú gù	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · people	《左传·襄公二十九年》语意	Feel like old friends at first meeting.
112	一诺千金	yī nuò qiān jīn	1	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · people	《史记·季布栾布列传》	A promise worth a thousand pieces of gold — rock-solid trust.
113	言而有信	yán ér yǒu xìn	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · people	《论语·学而》	Keep one's word.
114	不言而喻	bù yán ér yù	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · speech	《孟子·尽心上》	Goes without saying; self-evident.
115	言简意赅	yán jiǎn yì gāi	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · speech	明清熟语	Concise but complete.
116	举世闻名	jǔ shì wén míng	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 书面 · praise	现代常用	World-famous.
117	独一无二	dú yī wú èr	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · praise	宋·延寿《宗镜录》	One and only; unique.
118	无与伦比	wú yǔ lún bǐ	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · praise	唐·韩愈《论佛骨表》『其盛美无有与伦比者』	Without peer — beyond comparison.
119	莫名其妙	mò míng qí miào	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 6 · 口语 · praise	清·吴趼人《二十年目睹之怪现状》	Baffling; inexplicable — nobody can name its point.
120	滥竽充数	làn yú chōng shù	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	1	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · parable	《韩非子·内储说上》	Pass oneself off as skilled to fill a quota.
121	卧薪尝胆	wò xīn cháng dǎn	1	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · history	《史记·越王勾践世家》	Endure hardship to fuel revenge or a long-term goal.
122	三心二意	sān xīn èr yì	1	·	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · character	元代戏曲熟语	Of two minds; half-hearted.
123	土生土长	tǔ shēng tǔ zhǎng	1	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 通用 · speech	近代熟语	Born and bred; locally native.
124	与众不同	yǔ zhòng bù tóng	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 6 · 通用 · praise	通用熟语	Out of the ordinary; distinctive.
125	邯郸学步	hán dān xué bù	1	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · parable	《庄子·秋水》	Learn Handan's walk, forget your own — mimicry that loses the original.
126	盲人摸象	máng rén mō xiàng	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · parable	《大般涅槃经》	Blind men and the elephant — partial views mistaken for the whole.
127	乐不思蜀	lè bù sī shǔ	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · history	《三国志·蜀书·后主传》	So content one forgets home — complacent in captivity.
128	三令五申	sān lìng wǔ shēn	1	·	·	·	1	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · history	《史记·孙子吴起列传》	Repeatedly instruct — emphasize rules over and over.
129	如鱼得水	rú yú dé shuǐ	1	·	1	·	·	·	·	·	·	HSK 7-9 · 书面 · history	《三国志·诸葛亮传》	Like fish in water — in one's element; perfect pairing.

Zero-hit canonical chengyu (106) 不耻下问, 熟能生巧, 废寝忘食, 博学多才, 博古通今, 青出于蓝, 一窍不通, 深入浅出, 三思而行, 胸有成竹, 按部就班, 势如破竹, 破釜沉舟, 背水一战, 一箭双雕, 画蛇添足, 弄巧成拙, 崭露头角, 真相大白, 一举成名, 昙花一现, 光阴似箭, 瞬息万变, 志同道合, 礼尚往来, 投桃报李, 锦上添花, 温文尔雅, 文质彬彬, 一语道破, 口若悬河, 滔滔不绝, 字斟句酌, 引经据典, 不假思索, 望文生义, 恍然大悟, 茅塞顿开, 出类拔萃, 才华横溢, 别具一格, 不可思议, 狐假虎威, 狡兔三窟, 井底之蛙, 塞翁失马, 揠苗助长, 买椟还珠, 对牛弹琴, 杯弓蛇影, 鹤立鸡群, 鹬蚌相争, 画龙点睛, 叶公好龙, 四面楚歌, 指鹿为马, 负荆请罪, 完璧归赵, 毛遂自荐, 三顾茅庐, 洛阳纸贵, 凿壁偷光, 名正言顺, 开源节流, 舍生取义, 无精打采, 不由自主, 顺其自然, 七上八下, 天道酬勤, 胡思乱想, 彻头彻尾, 事到如今, 无可奈何, 显而易见, 一目了然, 抛砖引玉, 耳熟能详, 炉火纯青, 文武双全, 余音绕梁, 绘声绘色, 自相矛盾, 掩耳盗铃, 望洋兴叹, 东施效颦, 班门弄斧, 黔驴技穷, 鸡鸣狗盗, 请君入瓮, 覆水难收, 一字千金, 东山再起, 才高八斗, 闻鸡起舞, 破镜重圆, 孟母三迁, 围魏救赵, 草船借箭, 望梅止渴, 暗渡陈仓, 退避三舍, 唇亡齿寒, 风声鹤唳, 草木皆兵, 假途灭虢

Xi-era 4+ character 话语习式话语频率

Xi-era formulations — not dictionary chengyu, but the dominant vocabulary of 人民日报 editorials (中国特色, 新时代, 治国理政, 高质量发展, 中国式现代化 …). Tracked separately so the classical/modern distinction stays clean.

#	phrase	pinyin	hits	baituo_pinkun	GoC v1	GoC v2	GoC v3	GoC v4	GoC v5	经济文选	之江新语	flavor	source	meaning
1	中国特色	Zhōng guó tè sè	1290	1	203	217	330	153	248	134	4	xi_slogan	邓小平以来核心提法	'With Chinese characteristics' — the ubiquitous CCP qualifier.
2	治国理政⚠ 89%	zhì guó lǐ zhèng	759	·	84	120	112	121	314	8	·	xi_slogan	Xi 《习近平谈治国理政》title	Governance — the title of Xi's 5-volume selected works.
3	新时代	xīn shí dài	725	1	4	9	239	131	259	81	1	xi_slogan	Xi 2017 新时代 framing	'New Era' — Xi-era periodization from the 19th Congress (2017).
4	高质量发展	gāo zhì liàng fā zhǎn	441	·	·	·	55	93	173	120	·	xi_slogan	Xi 19th Congress 2017	The post-2017 economic-governance framing, replacing 'high-speed growth.'
5	中国式现代化	Zhōng guó shì xiàn dài huà	404	·	·	1	·	7	240	156	·	xi_slogan	Xi 20th Congress 2022	Xi's 20th Congress framing of modernization with Chinese characteristics.
6	共同富裕	gòng tóng fù yù	253	2	10	13	13	77	37	100	1	xi_slogan	Mao-era; revived Xi 2021	Common prosperity — revived Mao-era phrase, major Xi-era emphasis from 2021.
7	新发展格局⚠ 74%	xīn fā zhǎn gé jú	231	·	·	·	·	87	46	98	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2020 双循环	The 'dual-circulation' economic strategy framing.
8	新发展理念⚠ 50%	xīn fā zhǎn lǐ niàn	210	·	1	42	15	58	18	76	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2015 五大发展理念	The Five Development Concepts: 创新, 协调, 绿色, 开放, 共享.
9	人类命运共同体⚠ 77%	rén lèi mìng yùn gòng tóng tǐ	181	·	·	22	51	38	59	11	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2013-起 foreign policy	'Community of Common Destiny for Humanity' — Xi-era foreign-policy slogan.
10	绿色发展	lǜ sè fā zhǎn	136	·	5	28	22	20	22	39	·	xi_slogan	Xi 五大发展理念	One of the Five Development Concepts.
11	以人民为中心⚠ 64%	yǐ rén mín wéi zhōng xīn	113	·	1	12	23	23	24	30	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2015-起	'People-centered' — Xi-era replacement for the 以人为本 framing.
12	不忘初心	bú wàng chū xīn	84	·	·	14	55	7	8	·	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语 (19th Congress slogan)	Stay true to the original mission — Xi signature phrase.
13	牢记使命⚠ 88%	láo jì shǐ mìng	69	·	1	1	53	7	7	·	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语	Keep the mission firmly in mind (paired with 不忘初心).
14	创新发展	chuàng xīn fā zhǎn	65	·	7	17	7	8	6	20	·	xi_slogan	Xi 五大发展理念	One of the Five Development Concepts; innovation-led growth.
15	统筹协调	tǒng chóu xié tiáo	59	·	6	10	7	11	11	12	2	xi_slogan	现代政治话语	Coordinate and harmonize — often with 各方/各地/各部门.
16	金山银山⚠ 52%	jīn shān yín shān	57	·	1	7	7	3	11	12	16	xi_slogan	Xi 2005 Anji	From Xi's 2005 'lucid waters and green mountains are gold and silver mountains' (绿水青山就是金山银山).
17	第二个百年⚠ 47%	dì èr gè bǎi nián	57	·	·	2	5	27	8	15	·	xi_slogan	CCP 两个一百年	The 'Second Centenary Goal' — modernization by 2049 (PRC centennial).
18	四个意识⚠ 56%	sì gè yì shí	51	·	·	5	31	8	6	1	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2016	'Four Consciousnesses' (political/big-picture/core/alignment) — Xi-era discipline vocab.
19	全过程人民民主⚠ 54%	quán guò chéng rén mín mín zhǔ	50	·	·	·	·	15	28	7	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2019-起	'Whole-process people's democracy' — Xi-era regime-legitimation phrase.
20	两个维护⚠ 60%	liǎng gè wéi hù	43	·	·	·	27	9	7	·	·	xi_slogan	Xi-era discipline vocab	'Two Upholds' (of the core and central authority).
21	统筹发展和安全	tǒng chóu fā zhǎn hé ān quán	41	·	·	1	2	18	11	9	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2020-起国家安全观	Balance development and security — Xi-era national-security framing.
22	四个自信⚠ 66%	sì gè zì xìn	39	·	·	·	22	10	6	1	·	xi_slogan	Xi 2016	'Four Self-Confidences' (path/theory/system/culture).
23	久久为功	jiǔ jiǔ wéi gōng	38	1	1	3	6	6	9	12	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语 (Xi Ningde era)	Succeed through sustained long-term effort — Xi signature.
24	共享发展	gòng xiǎng fā zhǎn	37	·	·	11	2	5	4	14	1	xi_slogan	Xi 五大发展理念 2015	Fifth of the Five Development Concepts (五大发展理念, 2015) — distributive emphasis.
25	开放发展	kāi fàng fā zhǎn	34	·	1	9	3	5	4	12	·	xi_slogan	Xi 五大发展理念 2015	Fourth of the Five Development Concepts (五大发展理念, 2015) — outward-facing growth.
26	自力更生	zì lì gēng shēng	32	2	3	1	6	4	8	8	·	classical	现代常用；Mao-era revived by Xi	Self-reliance; rebuild by one's own efforts.
27	钉钉子⚠ 44%	dìng dīng zi	27	·	5	5	6	2	4	5	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语	Drive in the nail — steady persistence (Xi image).
28	国之大者⚠ 44%	guó zhī dà zhě	25	·	·	·	·	18	5	2	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语 (Xi recent usage)	Matters of paramount national importance — Xi-coined.
29	居安思危⚠ 44%	jū ān sī wēi	18	1	3	1	6	3	2	2	·	classical	《左传·襄公十一年》	In times of peace, remember danger; stay vigilant.
30	滴水穿石	dī shuǐ chuān shí	16	13	·	·	·	1	1	1	·	classical	宋·罗大经《鹤林玉露》	Persistence wears through any obstacle.
31	实干兴邦⚠ 50%	shí gàn xīng bāng	14	·	8	1	2	1	1	1	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语 (Xi 2012 Shenzhen)	Solid action revives the nation (vs 空谈误国).
32	知行合一	zhī xíng hé yī	12	·	1	3	3	·	1	1	3	classical	明·王阳明《传习录》	Knowledge and action as one (Wang Yangming).
33	踏石留印⚠ 63%	tà shí liú yìn	11	·	2	1	1	4	1	2	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语 (Xi 2013)	Every step leaves its mark — discipline rigor.
34	空谈误国	kōng tán wù guó	10	·	8	·	1	·	1	·	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语 (Xi 2012 Shenzhen)	Empty talk harms the nation (paired with 实干兴邦).
35	抓铁有痕	zhuā tiě yǒu hén	9	·	2	1	1	3	·	2	·	xi_slogan	现代政治话语 (Xi 2013)	Grip iron till it bears your mark (paired with 踏石留印).
36	五大发展理念	wǔ dà fā zhǎn lǐ niàn	7	·	·	2	·	·	·	5	·	xi_slogan	Xi 18th CC 5th Plenum 2015	Label for the bundle: 创新·协调·绿色·开放·共享. Note: 6 chars rather than the usual 4, included as a Xi-era framing phrase.

Methodology. Exact-substring match in Xi-authored source files only, YAML frontmatter excluded (tags-in-frontmatter don't count as Xi usage). Identical scope to build_phrase_index.py. Each hit is auditable via chengyu_hits.jsonl; left_bigram lets consumers detect substring contamination (e.g. '协调发展' absorbing '区域协调发展'). Editorial/commentary sources excluded.

Seeds. seeds/chengyu_hsk.json — 235 canonical chengyu curated from HSK 5/6/7-9 + 教育部 + famous historical sets, plus 38 Xi-era 话语 phrases. Regenerated from the study-app's chengyu_data.py + count_xi_chengyu.py.

Pipeline. build/build_chengyu_index.py → corpus/chengyu_hits.jsonl (one row per occurrence) + corpus/chengyu_summary.json (aggregates). This report is rendered from the summary file by build/build_chengyu_report.py. Per-phrase detail pages (chengyu/<phrase>.html) and a flat CSV for pivot tables (corpus/chengyu_sources.csv) are generated by build/build_chengyu_detail.py.